Topic 2: Securing infrastructure components

Techniques to secure the infrastructure in the cloud

• Identity and Access Management (IAM): Implement robust authentication mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication (MFA) for accessing cloud services. Use IAM roles and policies to control resource access based on the least privilege principle. Regularly review and update user permissions to ensure they align with the organization's security policies.

• Network Security: Use Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs) or similar network isolation mechanisms to segment resources and control traffic flow. Implement firewalls, security groups, and network access control lists (ACLs) to restrict inbound and outbound traffic. Utilize encryption protocols such as SSL/TLS for securing data in transit.

• Data Encryption: Encrypt data at rest using encryption keys managed by the cloud provider or customer-managed keys. Implement encryption for sensitive data in databases, object storage, and other data repositories. Ensure proper key management practices to protect encryption keys from unauthorized access.

• Vulnerability Management: Regularly scan cloud resources for vulnerabilities using automated vulnerability assessment tools. Patch and update software and operating systems to address known security vulnerabilities. Implement intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to monitor and respond to potential security threats.

• Logging and Monitoring: Enable logging for all cloud services and centrally store logs in a secure and tamper-proof environment. Implement real-time monitoring and alerting mechanisms to promptly detect and respond to security incidents. Utilize cloud-native monitoring and logging services or third-party tools to gain visibility into resource usage, network traffic, and security events.

• Incident Response and Disaster Recovery: Develop and document an incident response plan outlining procedures for detecting, responding to, and recovering from security incidents. Regularly conduct tabletop exercises and simulations to test the effectiveness of the incident response plan. Implement automated backups and disaster recovery mechanisms to ensure business continuity during data loss or service disruption.

• Compliance and Governance: Comply with relevant regulatory requirements and industry data privacy and security standards. Implement security controls and practices aligned with NIST, CIS, and ISO frameworks. Conduct regular security audits and assessments to evaluate compliance with security policies and identify areas for improvement.